Sandwich system found effective in organic apple orchards

Scientists investigated four orchard floor management systems in an organic apple orchard and evaluated weed management, soil nutrient content, soil physical conditions, apple yield, quality, and storability for each. A sandwich system used during the whole year eliminated vegetative cover competition, increased soil respiration, improved leaf and fruit calcium content, and resulted in moderate leaf and fruit nitrogen content and tree growth reduction, while producing good-quality apples with high storability, they report.

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