Chimpanzees show greater behavioural and cultural diversity in more variable environments

Behavioral flexibility enables species to adapt to uncertainty and changing ecological conditions via mechanisms such as innovation and greater cognitive capacity. Indeed, large brained species of birds or nonhuman primates often live in habitats that are highly seasonal and can sustain periodic resource shortages. Similarly, our own species is thought to have evolved an unprecedented level of behavioral flexibility in order to adapt and survive in fluctuating and unpredictable environmental conditions.

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