New therapeutic options for diabetes-related tissue injury

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by altered glucose tolerance and impaired lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and is associated with a number of complications directly resulting from hyperglycemiainduced inflammation. Vascular changes in diabetes lead to increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke due to atherosclerosis, retinopathy, end-stage renal disease, debilitating neuropathies, poor wound healing, enhanced risk of infection, and periodontal disease. Studies of diabetic complications suggest that activation of the inflammatory response is mediated in large part by phagocytic cells, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Both cell types assume an aggressive proinflammatory phenotype resulting from hyperglycemia. Today, during the 86th General Session of the International Association for Dental Research, investigators from Boston University report results from a study demonstrating that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are precursors to a powerful new genus of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators, coined 'resolvins' and 'protectins'. These new local mediators counter-regulate pro-inflammatory signals and return tissues to homeostasis. These mediators reverse several of the proinflammatory functional responses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in vitro and prevent inflammation in a variety of animal models, and exhibit potential for new therapeutic options for resolving inflammation and tissue injury in diabetes.

Source: International & American Association for Dental Research