... in these proteins have been altered, affecting key molecular functions such as proton transfer (which establishes a proton concentration gradient that drives energy production in the cell ...
... to construct experimental model systems in which they can study how concentration gradients of various signal proteins affect ... method enables us to recreate and study gradients that control how blood vessels grow in the body ...
... of the normal row, but also that Osr2 is expressed in increasing concentration in the jaw mesenchyme as you move from the cheek ... in the mouse embryo, the exact opposite of the BMP4 concentration gradient. Osr2 restricts Bmp4 expression ...
... . Secreted at a defined location, their movement establishes a concentration gradient that patterns a developing tissue such that cells ... ." The top-to-bottom, abundant-to-rare distribution, or "concentration gradient," of ta-siRNAs ensures that the activity ...
... -tuned into liquid or crystal states by changing the concentrations of the particles suspended in a solution. "Water molecules ... sideways, so that gravity gradually changed the concentration gradient. Rapid, three-dimensional digital ...
... . They are only produced by a small group of cells and have the ability to spread across the cell tissue in the form of a concentration gradient ...
... at a dam", explains Prof. Gerwert. Elsewhere, the protons push back into the cells to compensate the concentration gradient, and thereby drive the turbines of the cell ...
... of egg-white lysozyme formed, there was no concentration gradient between the solution and the crystal surface. However ... was different between the two crystal forms, the degree of concentration of the molecules in spherulites compared to that of the homogeneous state ...
... tumors by subjecting cancerous cells with different concentration gradients. The new device is built upon ... apoptosis, is activated. In Wu's test, increasing concentrations of etoposide demonstrated correspondingly higher activation ...
... zinc uptake, with attention to changes in zinc concentration, temperature, acidity, and electric charge. The Brookhaven ... during zinc uptake and acts against the concentration gradient, eventually causing zinc uptake ...
... , which would require calcium to move against a concentration gradient. Instead, they discovered that the endolithic cyanobacteria ... of a borehole. The consequences of this transient, but significantly high, concentration of intracellular calcium in the cells remains a question ...
... problem," Dr. Ma explained. "The first is how such concentration gradients are formed in the first place, and the second ... 's molecular breakdown is important for establishing a correct concentration gradient and the formation of appropriate tissues at their correct ...
... . Chalah is particularly interested in a device called a concentration gradient generator, which allows two or more fluids ... , as it can be used to deliver a range of very precise drug concentrations to a set of experimental cell lines. With multiple ...
... " to find the way: they orient themselves by following concentration gradients of attractants or repellants. David H ... to produce three-dimensional patterns of chemical concentration gradients in vitro -- with previously unattainable versatility ...
... . Thus, sodium ions flow down their concentration gradient into the neurons through the NSSs, thereby ... neurotransmitters to move back into the cell where their concentration is higher than outside. But until now, exactly ...
