Mechanical properties and microstructure of cranial and beak bones of the woodpecker and the lark

Woodpeckers do not experience head injury despite repeated high-speed impacts during pecking at 6-7 m/s and decelerations up to 1,000 g. This biomechanical analysis of woodpecker cranial structures sheds light on the stresses associated with woodpecker pecking and may inspire new approaches to the prevention and treatment of human head injury.

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